Results
Compared with the placebo, probiotic intake improved EDSS (−0.3 ± 0.6 vs. +0.1 ± 0.3, P = 0.001), beck depression inventory (−5.6 ± 4.9 vs. −1.1 ± 3.4, P < 0.001), general health questionnaire (−9.1 ± 6.2 vs. −2.6 ± 6.4, P < 0.001) and depression anxiety and stress scale (−16.5 ± 12.9 vs. −6.2 ± 11.0, P = 0.001). In addition, changes in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (−1.3 ± 3.5 vs. +0.4 ± 1.4 μg/mL, P = 0.01), plasma nitric oxide metabolites (+1.0 ± 7.9 vs. −6.0 ± 8.3 μmol/L, P = 0.002) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (+0.009 ± 0.4 vs. +0.3 ± 0.5 μmol/L, P = 0.04) in the probiotic group were significantly different from the changes in these parameters in the placebo group. Additionally, the consumption of probiotic capsule significantly decreased serum insulin (−2.9 ± 3.7 vs. +1.1 ± 4.8 μIU/mL, P < 0.001), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (−0.6 ± 0.8 vs.+0.2 ± 1.0, P = 0.001), Beta cell function (−12.1 ± 15.5 vs. +4.4 ± 17.5, P < 0.001) and total-/HDL-cholesterol (−0.1 ± 0.3 vs.0.1 ± 0.3, P = 0.02), and significantly increased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.01 ± 0.02 vs. −0.005 ± 0.01, P < 0.001) and HDL-cholesterol levels (2.7 ± 3.4 vs. 0.9 ± 2.9 mg/dL, P = 0.02) compared with the placebo.
Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that the use of probiotic capsule for 12 weeks among subjects with MS had favorable effects on EDSS, parameters of mental health, inflammatory factors, markers of insulin resistance, HDL-, total-/HDL-cholesterol and MDA levels.
viz
http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(16)30214-X/abstract